https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/ 2026-04-15T07:39:54+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/ https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=favicon.ico text/html 2024-04-11T10:14:07+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:advanced_features&rev=1712830447&do=diff Advanced LoRa features LoRa API The LoRa API takes place between a single server (lorad), which drives all LoRa related devices, and multiple clients (e.g. lorafwd) wanting to interact with these devices. Its main purpose is to provide an abstraction of the LoRa devices to other processes. text/html 2022-12-15T10:20:08+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:aws&rev=1671099608&do=diff AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN - Kerlink documentation Liveburner IPK 5.XBasic Station Packet Forwarder The following guides will walk you through the connection and the usage of Kerlink Gateways and sensor to AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN. * [Getting started with Kerlink Gateways - AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN (v2.0)] * [Getting started with Kerlink Wal-E - AWS IoT Core for LoRaWAN (v1.3)] * [Getting started with Kerlink Wal-E - Amazon Web Services (v1.3)] Declare gateway on AWS To register the Gat… text/html 2025-09-08T12:35:14+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:basic_station_forwarder&rev=1757334914&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder What is the Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder ? Similarly to legacy (GWMP) packet forwarder, the Basic Station Packet Forwarder is a program running on a LoRa gateway. It forwards the LoRa packets emitted by end-devices and received by the gateway to a LoRa Network Server (LNS) and vice-versa, hence its name. text/html 2025-09-05T09:22:44+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_ressources&rev=1757064164&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder Release History Version 3.4.1 Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.4.1 (August 2025) Version 3.4.0 Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.4.0 (May 2025) Version 3.3.0 Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.3.0 (February 2025) Version 3.2.0 Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.2.0 (October 2024) Version 3.1.0 Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.1.0 (March 2024) Version 3.0.0 Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.0.0 (October 2… text/html 2023-02-13T15:06:15+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v2.3.2&rev=1676300775&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 2.3.2 (November 2022) Changelog from AWS firmware 4.4.1 * JoinEUI filtering * NetID filtering * Support of extended regions (IN865, AS923, AU915) * Class C support * Buffering * Improved reconnections text/html 2023-02-13T15:05:42+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v2.4.1&rev=1676300742&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 2.4.1 (February 2023) Changelog from version 2.3.2 * Add option to prevent lorad reconfiguration by LNS (usefull to keep LBT/CCA settings) * Handle specific region TX power Restrictions * Class B: Not compatible for now text/html 2023-10-13T06:47:08+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v2.5.0&rev=1697179628&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 2.5.0 (April 2023) Changelog from version 2.4.1 * Websockets ping management * LNS connection status through backhaul LEDs * TTN LNS configuration tool * Loriot LNS configuration tool Restrictions * text/html 2023-10-13T06:46:52+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v2.6.0&rev=1697179612&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 2.6.0 (June 2023) Changelog from version 2.5.0 * AWS LNS configuration tool * TTN LNS configuration tool now compatible with all regions * fix iZeptoCell declaration process * fix downlink message ID rejection issue text/html 2023-10-13T06:46:37+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v2.6.1&rev=1697179597&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 2.6.1 (September 2023) Changelog from version 2.6.0 * Loriot config tool : add region and sub-bands configuration * TTN config tool : handle Cloud TTI addressing Restrictions * Class B: Not compatible for now (partially tested) text/html 2023-11-14T13:06:46+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v3.0.0&rev=1699967206&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.0.0 (October 2023) Changelog from version 2.6.1 * Thorougher radio configuration through router_config * Fix AWS configuration script hard-coded user-id limitation * Add support for TTS addressing type text/html 2024-04-11T10:08:21+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v3.1.0&rev=1712830101&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.1.0 (March 2024) Changelog from version 3.0.0 * Local DevAddr filtering ( type klk_bs_config -h for more details ) * Add Actility Configuration Script * Messages buffering * Handle RPC NOT IMPLEMENTED status introduced in Keros 5.11 (iZeptoCell) text/html 2024-10-25T11:39:15+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v3.2.0&rev=1729856355&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.2.0 (October 2024) Changelog from version 3.1.0 * Get robust to uncomplete Class C downlink messages * Detect websocket connection hang ups Restrictions * Class B: Not compatible for now (partially tested) text/html 2025-02-12T09:20:45+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v3.3.0&rev=1739352045&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.3.0 (February 2025) Changelog from version 3.2.0 * Kerlink CUPS boot default credentials Restrictions * Class B: Not compatible for now (partially tested) * AU915, IN865 (not tested) * Multicast schedule (Not tested) text/html 2025-12-23T13:16:36+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v3.4.0&rev=1766495796&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.4.0 (May 2025) Changelog from version 3.3.0 * Better reactivity to name resolution induced LNS connection losses * Improve detection of muted lora uplink internal channel Restrictions * Class B: Not compatible for now (partially tested) text/html 2025-12-23T13:15:08+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:bspf_v3.4.1&rev=1766495708&do=diff Kerlink Basic Station Packet Forwarder 3.4.1 (August 2025) Changelog from version 3.4.0 * Add possibility to set local joinEui filters if router_config does not provide any. Restrictions * Class B: Not compatible for now (partially tested) * text/html 2024-03-07T12:51:02+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf&rev=1709815862&do=diff Kerlink Common Packet Forwarder What is the Common Packet Forwarder? A packet forwarder is a program running on a LoRa gateway. It forwards the LoRa packets emitted by end-devices and received by the gateway to a LoRa Network Server (LNS) and vice-versa, hence its name. text/html 2021-07-08T10:16:56+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf_1.2.0&rev=1625739416&do=diff Common Packet forwarder 1.2.0 (December 2019) New features from 1.1.6 * Support of iFemtocell-Evolution * Spectral_scan quickscan (faster spectral_scan) Bug fixes from 1.1.6 * FPGA Spectral scan takes too much time on iStation Restrictions text/html 2020-03-25T15:41:57+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf_1.2.1&rev=1585150917&do=diff Common Packet forwarder 1.2.1 (January 2020) only deleted Common Packet forwarder 1.2.4 New features from 1.1.6 * Support of iFemtoCell-evolution * Spectral_scan quickscan (faster spectral_scan) Bug fixes from 1.1.6 * FPGA Spectral scan takes too much time on iStation text/html 2020-03-25T15:43:00+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf_1.2.4&rev=1585150980&do=diff Common Packet forwarder 1.2.4 (March 2020) New features from 1.1.6 * Support of iFemtoCell-evolution. * Spectral_scan quickscan (faster spectral_scan). Bug fixes from 1.1.6 * FPGA Spectral scan takes too much time on iStation. * Some downlink packets were rejected on previous versions (more particularly if LBT enabled). text/html 2025-12-23T13:18:15+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf_configuration&rev=1766495895&do=diff Common Packet Forwarder configuration Since firmware 4.3.x, CPF is installed in by default with Keros firmware. Patch for lorad v2.5.2 Patch content * Fix an issue where basicstation was not restarted when lorad restarts * Fix an issue where a router_config would restart lorad even if the configuration wasn't updated text/html 2020-09-22T13:23:49+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf_history&rev=1600781029&do=diff Packet Forwarder Release History This page lists the CPF releases since the 1.0.6 version. Packet forwarder 1.2.x * Common Packet forwarder 1.2.4 (March 2020) * Common Packet forwarder 1.2.1 (January 2020) [DELETED] Packet forwarder 1.1.x * Common Packet forwarder 1.1.7 (December 2019) * Common Packet forwarder 1.1.6 (September 2019) Packet forwarder 1.0.x * Common Packet Forwarder 1.0.9 for iBTS (September 2019) * Common Packet Forwarder 1.0.9 for iFemtoCell (September 2019) … text/html 2020-06-09T15:19:15+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:cpf_last_version&rev=1591715955&do=diff Common Packet forwarder 1.2.4 (March 2020) New features from 1.1.6 * Support of iFemtoCell-evolution. * Spectral_scan quickscan (faster spectral_scan). Bug fixes from 1.1.6 * FPGA Spectral scan takes too much time on iStation. * Some downlink packets were rejected on previous versions (more particularly if LBT enabled). text/html 2025-01-15T09:46:02+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:features&rev=1736934362&do=diff Introduction to LoRa features How is the data from an end-device transmitted to a LoRa Network Server (LNS) The classical communication case is: * A LoRa end-device emits a packet and opens a short reception window after the emission. * The gateway uses its LoRa specific hardware to receive the RF packet. text/html 2020-10-30T15:39:37+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:gwmp&rev=1604072377&do=diff GWMP GWMP is a protocol developed by Semtech. It defines the communication between the packet forwarder and the LNS. Hereunder is the description of the json arrays used by the protocol implemented by the CPF. text/html 2024-06-19T07:16:29+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:hal_spf&rev=1718781389&do=diff HAL for SPF use In order to use the Legacy Semtech packet forwarder or your own implementation with KerOS 4.X firmware, Kerlink provides the HAL needed for the compilation of SPF. HAL for Wirnet iBTS HAL for other Wirnet i-series gateways text/html 2022-12-20T16:11:38+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:multiforwarder&rev=1671552698&do=diff Multi Packet Forwarder This functionnality is only available for Keros version 5.5.1 and above lorafwd_instance_manager This tool allows the create and manage multiple instances of packet forwarder to connect a gateway to multiple LNS. Following features are available in text/html 2026-02-25T15:42:56+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:network_delay&rev=1772034176&do=diff Understanding RX1 and RX2 with Network Latency This page presents three simple examples to explain how LoRaWAN downlink reception works depending on network latency and responsiveness. The device always opens two reception windows after each uplink: text/html 2025-09-17T12:26:18+00:00 https://docs.kerlink.com/wirnet-productline/doku.php?id=wiki:lora:scan&rev=1758111978&do=diff Radio scanning Boot Noise Measurement The BNM, which stand for Boot Noise Measurement, initiates a spectral scan at startup. Configure BNM These parameters can be changed by the user in the global configuration file /etc/bnm/bnm.conf. The BNM feature takes some time when the gateway is booting. To avoid Boot Noise Measurement, disable it in this file (Set